Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East
For many years R. K. Ramazani has been writing on Iran, and especially on its foreign policies. He has been wise in interpreting the past and generally prescient about the future. In his latest work he gives a nuanced, lights-and-shadows picture of Khomeini's Islamic Republic, points to differences among its leaders, and illuminates Iran's role in the Middle East and the reactions of its rivals and neighbors under the impact of the war with Iraq. He calls particular attention to Iran's announced open-door policy toward the rest of the world, and criticizes Washington for ignoring it. But apparently some got the message, though perhaps in oversimplified form.
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Iran, in the view of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, has a great imperial past and a greater imperial future. In the next few years it is to assert its dominant role in the Persian Gulf region and the nearby reaches of the Indian Ocean. By 1990 it will attain the status of a Britain or a France in the global hierarchy of powers. Seeing this dream of the future, the Shah is already acting as if it were reality. Meanwhile, his neighbor across the Gulf, Saudi Arabia, talks less of empire but gradually extends its influence through the Arab world. Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani, the Saudi Minister of Oil and Industry, can virtually dictate the world price of oil as long as he speaks for his king. He can lead the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or he can break it. He can please the Americans by being "moderate" on the oil price, and at the same time can remind them that he expects them to move Israel toward a settlement acceptable to the Arabs. The United States worries about its rising imports of oil, which increase its vulnerability to the decisions of OPEC, but takes comfort in the fact that it has a friend in Riyadh.

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