Adventures in the Middle East: Excursions and Incursions
Donald Wilber was both an intelligence agent (OSS and CIA) and a specialist on the history, culture and architecture of the Middle East, Iran in particular. His diverting and occasionally amusing memoirs are long on personal experiences and rather short on intelligence operations, partly by preference, partly because the CIA would not declassify what he wanted to say. He does, however, discuss Operation Ajax, which in 1953 toppled the Mossadeq regime in Iran and restored the shah to his throne. Wilber claims authorship of the plan and goes out of his way to fault Kermit Roosevelt's account in Countercoup (reviewed in Foreign Affairs, Fall 1980) for what he charges are its many errors of fact.
Related
Iran, in the view of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, has a great imperial past and a greater imperial future. In the next few years it is to assert its dominant role in the Persian Gulf region and the nearby reaches of the Indian Ocean. By 1990 it will attain the status of a Britain or a France in the global hierarchy of powers. Seeing this dream of the future, the Shah is already acting as if it were reality. Meanwhile, his neighbor across the Gulf, Saudi Arabia, talks less of empire but gradually extends its influence through the Arab world. Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani, the Saudi Minister of Oil and Industry, can virtually dictate the world price of oil as long as he speaks for his king. He can lead the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or he can break it. He can please the Americans by being "moderate" on the oil price, and at the same time can remind them that he expects them to move Israel toward a settlement acceptable to the Arabs. The United States worries about its rising imports of oil, which increase its vulnerability to the decisions of OPEC, but takes comfort in the fact that it has a friend in Riyadh.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.