The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, And The Reconstruction Of Western Europe, 1947-1952
The subtitle is important. Based to a considerable extent on American and British archives, this book concentrates on the relations of the two countries during the period of the Marshall Plan and its blurred ending in rearmament. One major theme concerns the American acceptance of the British view that global responsibilities and the sterling area made it impossible for the United Kingdom to enter fully into the economic integration of Western Europe. Another major contention is that, although the Americans sought to remodel Europe in their own image, Europe resisted sufficiently so that "in the end, America was made the European way." This interesting and useful book overlaps Imanuel Wexler's The Marshall Plan Revisited (noted in Foreign Affairs, Spring 1984) and Alan Milward's The Reconstruction of Western Europe (which has just appeared in paperback). There is, however, enough difference in coverage and approach to make it necessary for serious students of the period to look at all three books.
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The surface was all smiles and harmony. After years of transatlantic distress, the major nations of the democratic West assembled in May in the splendor of Colonial Williamsburg to manifest their unity and their confidence. There were two new faces among the seven heads of state and government, both symbols of a significant political change in their respective countries: West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, who had replaced Helmut Schmidt in October 1982 and whose party, the Christian Democrats, had just been confirmed by a massive popular vote on March 6, and Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, the leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party and government who, in striking contrast to his predecessors, articulated a newly confident, internationally minded Japan.
Relations between Greece and the United States are strained. From the anti-American rhetoric of Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou and his Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), and after a series of irritating incidents, tensions have developed that pose troublesome questions about the course of Greek policy and Greek relations with the West.
Nineteen eighty-four has been a quiet year in U.S.-West European relations--a year during which these Western countries had the luxury of organizing a large number of conferences for intellectuals and public figures to ask themselves whether George Orwell's bleak warnings had actually been prophetic (if they had been, these colloquia could not have been held) and whether Soviet reality resembled Orwell's vision of totalitarianism. What actually happened in the relations among these nations was less interesting than what did not happen.

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