The Eagle And The Lion: The Tragedy Of American-Iranian Relations
Professor Bill has written a searching study of America's relations with Iran since World War II. The book is a history but it is also an indictment-of the shah's regime, of American officials in Washington and in the field, and of the "Pahlavi lobby" of powerful people in the United States (the Rockefellers, Henry Kissinger and others) who pushed for support of the shah to the bitter end. The fact that the author names names and pulls no punches in telling who was wrong (almost everybody on the American side) adds interest and flavor to the book. Some, especially those who are the targets of his critique, will have contrary views, and many have already had their say in print. This is, in any case, a powerful book that should be widely read and taken seriously; its arguments by and large are supported by the historical record. The suggested and implied correctives sound logical, even obvious, but they seem to require a foreign policy made and carried out by an elite of scholar-politicians and scholar-diplomats (not the Kissinger-Brzezinski type, but the Bill type), hardly a likely possibility in the untidy and unruly American democracy.
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Nearly a quarter-century after the revolution, economic failure and a bankrupt ideology have discredited the Islamic Republic. Despite the attention paid to a clash between "reformers" and "conservatives" in the government, the real story in Iran is the growing discontent among the generation born after 1979. This "Third Force" will eventually topple the regime, and the United States should just watch and wait.
So far, the Bush administration has shown it would like to resolve its problems with North Korea and Iran the same way it did with Iraq: through regime change. It is easy to see why. But the strategy is unlikely to work, at least not quickly enough. A much broader approach -- involving talks, sanctions, and the threat of force -- is needed.
Both in public and underground, Iranians are debating the legitimacy of the Islamic state that Khomeini built. Students challenge the notion that Islam has all the answers but evince pride in an Iran free of the shah and under no foreign master. The religious and secular elites are increasingly willing to contemplate pluralism and openness to the world, though most makers of the revolution remain obdurate and appeal to anti-Americanism to stir up the masses. Washington needs to listen to the new voices of Iran.

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