The Geopolitics Of Super Power
Colin Gray's writing is always provocative, and this book is no exception. It is grand strategy in the tradition of Mackinder, seeing the U.S.-Soviet competition as the classic confrontation of a sea power versus a land power. His conclusions-that the United States should give pride of place to naval forces, and that it can no longer make credible any threat to use nuclear weapons first and so must abandon NATO's flexible response-are not unique, and his prose is occasionally purple-the Soviet state can inspire only those who are "heroically ignorant or conveniently stupid." But the insights en route to those conclusions are often telling: he demolishes any idea of rollback in Europe as a game nowhere near worth the candle; the United States "can take the political offensive only for profoundly defensive reasons."
Related
US public expectations of a 'peace dividend' from the collapse of the socialist bloc are unrealistic. Structural properties of US defence policy-making, and the non-existence of any strategic vision not predicated on the monolithic Soviet threat, mean that "for the next several years the 'peace dividend' will be much smaller than enthusiasts hope, and earning it will require departures from customary congressional habits". Offers advice on a strategy for reducing US defence expenditure (1) avoid a return to the 'hollow army' by shifting towards reserve or 'round-out' units (2) cut US forces in Europe in the light of CFE results, not in advance of them (3) defer various high-price equipment programmes, while preserving R&D budgets (4) using arms control to cut what the USA "can safely do without".
U.S. spending on foreign policy--defense, aid, and diplomacy--has been halved since 1962, while entitlements grab evermore tax dollars. Congress should now be investing more in national security, not beggaring it for a peace dividend.
The recent troubles of the CIA date back to its early years, when dashing young men toyed with foreign governments. Evan Thomas evokes the time. Jeffrey T. Richelson catalogs the consequences.

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