Crisis In Central America: Regional Dynamics And U.S. Policy In The 1980s
In their introduction, the editors of these conference papers see a need for "constructive alternatives" to present policies toward Central America, noting the contributors' consensus that the Reagan Administration "has failed in its efforts to reassert U.S. hegemony" there. But the volume's strength is not policy ideas; the first chapter notes only that congressmen (like many Americans) are "trapped between their opposition to communism and their opposition to U.S. troop commitments." Half of the authors, mostly academics, reside in Central America, and so add a valuable perspective to the U.S. debate. Especially good are two chapters on El Salvador, one by Ricardo Stein of that country. Two chapters each on the economy and the nature of war in Central America (including a detailed description of the Guatemalan counterinsurgency) are also informative, even if one disagrees with some of the opinions.
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What is bewildering is the conviction--and it is becoming more and more general--that in all the perils that confront us, the direction of affairs is given over to a way of thinking that has no longer any understanding of itself. It is like being in a carriage, descending an increasingly precipitous slope, and suddenly realizing that there is no coachman on the box." The lines were written in 1854 by Fyodor Tiutchev, poet and diplomat, in a letter to his wife. The image is frightening and many seem to have experienced similar fears as the year 1983 drew to a close.
The surface was all smiles and harmony. After years of transatlantic distress, the major nations of the democratic West assembled in May in the splendor of Colonial Williamsburg to manifest their unity and their confidence. There were two new faces among the seven heads of state and government, both symbols of a significant political change in their respective countries: West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, who had replaced Helmut Schmidt in October 1982 and whose party, the Christian Democrats, had just been confirmed by a massive popular vote on March 6, and Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, the leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party and government who, in striking contrast to his predecessors, articulated a newly confident, internationally minded Japan.
A few days after Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua Lawrence Pezzullo gave a long interview in his Managua office. "It's going to be our ideological blinders that may cause us to make mistakes," Pezzullo said, as he considered Central America policy under the new President. "This is a new Administration, there are going to be tradeoffs, and you've got to feed your right-wing somewhere. Maybe you'll just let them eat up Latin America. It's cheaper than some other places like the Middle East, the Soviet Union or China, where no president is going to have much room for radical policy changes." He paused and reflected for a moment. "That's the way I tend to think things will go," he said, "just feed it to the lions."

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