The Birth Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949
The simple and totally conflicting explanations that Israeli and Arab official statements have given for the mass exodus of Arabs from their homes in Palestine at the time of the first Arab-Israeli war are proved wrong by this careful study, although there are elements of truth in both. Using a great number and variety of Israeli and other sources, Morris examines what happened day by day, sector by sector, village by village. His conclusions, complex answers to complex questions, are so well documented by contemporary material that it is unlikely they would be substantially changed by seeing the unpublished Arab documents unavailable to him. Suffice it to say that the war itself, the attitudes and fears on both sides and the circumstances of the time made the flight of the Arabs almost inevitable.
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Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.
Judith Miller knocked in the Middle East, and many doors opened. But her focus on Islamic militancy blinded her to enlightened currents of Islam. Separation of religion and state is not a real option in a region where the faith is central to life, but Muslims can choose what kind of Islam will hold sway.
Although questions of implementation remain, the new Iraqi constitution makes Islam the law of the land. This need not mean trouble for Iraq's women, however. Sharia is open to a wide range of interpretations, some quite egalitarian. If Washington still hopes for a liberal order in Iraq, it should start working with progressive Muslim scholars to advance women's rights through religious channels.

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