Winston Churchill. Vol. Viii: "Never Despair," 1945-1965
A meticulously detailed and annotated account of Churchill's declining years, the eighth and final volume of a contemporary classic. Politics were still at the center of Churchill's life, whether in office or out; hence this is a record of great historical importance. Churchill clung to his passionate belief in the special Anglo-American relationship: at the same time, he always favored talks with the Soviets, especially after Stalin's death, hoping to dampen, perhaps end, the cold war. A titanic figure, with a consuming sense of history, whether in the making or the writing of it. The book is filled with Churchill correspondence, perhaps a trifle too much. Martin Gilbert, the official biographer, is to be congratulated. Blessed with an incomparable subject, he too persevered and his work exemplified what Churchill knew: history is part drama, and its reconstruction requires literary felicity.
Shortly after the death of Churchill, Lord Chandos recalled his magnanimity and added, in words that the Great Republic could ponder at this season: "The only people he never forgave were those who, in the words he so often used, 'fell beneath the level of events.'"
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After 40 years of division, the two former halves of Germany are discovering the psychological stresses of unity. The collapse of the German Democratic Republic released East Germans from public control and authoritarian intimidation. But with freedom, they are having to learn to make choices and to live with risk and uncertainty. West Germans are resentful at the cost of reunification and arrogant about the sad state of their Eastlander brethren. Both halves of Germany will have to deal with their separate and joint pasts. They should expect moral and psychological unity to take longer than the material recuperation of the east.
Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.
That Western Europe is in a state of disarray has become a commonplace. The headlines proclaim it, the capital flight confirms it. After a generation of unprecedented prosperity and progress, the West European nations, though still remarkably strong, are encountering a network of difficulties that threatens them in various realms and that seems to defy known remedies.
