The Enigma Of Japanese Power
This is a harsh and irreverent portrait of the Japanese political system, culture and society by a Dutch journalist who has lived in Japan for more than 20 years. It has chapters with such titles as "The Japan Problem," "The Elusive State," "The System as Religion," "In the World But Not Of It." Contrary to the usual indictments the author does not claim that Japan is systematically setting out to establish economic hegemony over the rest of the world. Rather, his main argument is that for all their economic success, the Japanese have no responsible central government. No one is ultimately in charge; the political system is "rudderless" and out of control. How, then, does one account for Japan's undoubted successes over the past several decades? Do not the Liberal Democratic Party, the bureaucracy and the business community provide some degree of leadership? Moreover, the argument that Japan is rudderless seems to be inconsistent with another of the author's central arguments borrowed from Chalmers Johnson-namely that Japan is not a free market system but a special variety of system he calls "the capitalist development state." It is rather a pity he has gone to such an extreme to make his point, because he does have a number of important insights into the Japanese political system.
Related
Since Mao Zedong's death in 1976, and particularly since the rise of Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the post-Mao leaders of China have sought to develop a new strategy and new institutions for modernizing China. In the economy, they have sought a more decentralized, quasi-market socialist system better suited to Chinese conditions than the highly centralized, Soviet-type system they adopted in 1949. Perhaps the most significant step has been a de facto decollectivization of agriculture.
Since the end of World War II, there have been three watersheds in Sino-Soviet relations. In February 1950, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China formed an alliance against the West. In the late 1950s, there was the beginning of the historic split between them that transformed international politics. Then, in the early 1970s, there began the Sino-American rapprochement that, by the end of the decade, completely altered the strategic landscape and led to an incipient Chinese-American alliance against the Soviet Union.
Soviet options in East Asia are limited by the USSR's lack of economic influence, but Gorbachev's new flexible diplomacy has led to limited advances. Discusses current relations with China, Japan, and the two Koreas, noting that influence in the Pacific region's economy is likely to be marginal for the next few decades. Concludes that prospects are good for a reduction in tension in the region.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.