India Briefing, 1988
The Asia Society has again provided in its annual review of contemporary India a solid collection of essays covering the essentials-domestic politics, the economy and foreign policy-while adding sections on technology and education. There is an exceptionally informative analysis of the Indian political system by the British political scientist James Manor. He sees the Congress Party as riddled with corruption and factionalism and he argues that the current leader Rajiv Gandhi is impulsive and lacks clear goals, moving too far in one direction and then overcorrecting by rushing headlong in another. Meanwhile the opposition is fragmented and only regionally based. Manor concludes on an optimistic note by stressing the system's capacity of regeneration at the state level.
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After being shackled by the government for decades, India's economy has become one of the world's strongest. The country's unique development model -- relying on domestic consumption and high-tech services -- has brought a quarter century of record growth despite an incompetent and heavy-handed state. But for that growth to continue, the state must start modernizing along with Indian society.
India is on the verge of becoming a great power and the swing state in the international system. As a large, multiethnic, economically powerful, non-Western democracy, it will play a key role in the great struggles of the coming years. Washington has recognized the potential of a U.S.-Indian alliance, but translating that potential into reality will require engaging India on its own terms.
India's growing economic and diplomatic prominence is unlikely to be derailed by its territorial dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir. But given the risk that the Kashmir issue could spark a nuclear war, it is in India's best interest that it be resolved. Washington should use its influence with Islamabad to broker an agreement and thereby cement its growing strategic partnership with New Delhi.
