Fighting To A Finish: The Politics Of War Termination In The United States And Japan
Why did it take so long for the United States and Japan to end a war whose outcome was no longer in doubt by late 1944? Sigal's answer is as thought provoking for the nuclear age as his analysis is detailed and careful: "War termination begins and ends at home . . . rooted in domestic and bureaucratic politics." Detached calculations of national interest were not always controlling, either of choices or of organizations under the pressure of war. Indeed, "war may numb what little sensitivity states normally exhibit outside their borders."
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Analyzes (1) how Japan's security interests ought now to be defined outwards, in consequence of the changes in the USSR (2) the need for a 'global security dimension' in which Japan's long-range economic power can be expressed (3) how Japan can contribute to global nuclear security by supporting a strategic defensive order.
Americans see the presence of U.S. troops in Japan as a gracious favor. Well, it's time for the Americans to go home.
Russia's post-Soviet orientation is in serious trouble. The West does not want to see any structure in Eurasia that permits Russian hegemony, but abetting continued chaos in the former Soviet space is hardly in the West's interest. Central Asia and the Caucasus are rife with flash points that could ignite and draw in outside powers, and the presence of nuclear weapons raises the stakes even higher. The United States should support integration, not division. For its part, Russia should work with nearby countries to help unite diverse peoples in a stabler system.

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