Can South Africa Survive?: Five Minutes To Midnight
This volume offers a reprise on R.W. Johnson's notable 1977 study, How Can South Africa Survive?, which argued that South Africa's clock would remain locked at five minutes to midnight for some time to come; ten years later, the experts weighing in here would set the hands at four minutes and some-odd seconds. While not predicting the imminent demise of apartheid, collectively they do an excellent job of pinpointing the important changes since Johnson: most importantly, the chinks that have appeared in Afrikanerdom and the growth of institutions supporting black protest. In the last decade, South Africa's internal balance has shifted discernibly, for while white repressive power has increased, government reforms have failed and at the same time created opportunities for black politics.
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For much of Africa this year, immediate threats to survival dominated national agendas. In the extreme north and south, Libya and South Africa attacked the territory of weaker neighbors. Less noticed but far more widely devastating, a harsh drought destroyed crops across the continent, confronting more than 20 million people with the prospect of starvation. Declining rates of per capita food production over the last decade, coupled with escalating debt and falling returns on exports, left many African states at the margins of existence--at least according to Western calculations. And at year's end, a military coup abruptly ended four years of American-style democratic government in Africa's largest nation, Nigeria, renewing fears about political upheaval throughout the continent.

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