The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, And German National Identity
The continuing debate about the German past, the various attempts to interpret, relativize or distort it, remains a seismograph of Germany's political culture. Maier, a Harvard historian, sets the recent debate about the past among German scholars and publicists in an admirably comprehensive context, beginning with what he calls "Bitburg history," President Reagan's complicity in establishing a murky mixture of amnesia and denial. Maier explicates a debate that in itself had deeper political significance than intellectual distinction. A judicious and suggestive work, of value not only to historians and Germanists but to anyone concerned with issues of national memory and identity.
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German history teaches that malice and simplicity have their appeal, that force impresses, and that nothing in the public realm is inevitable. It also proves that democratic reconstruction is possible, even on initially uncongenial ground.
After 40 years of division, the two former halves of Germany are discovering the psychological stresses of unity. The collapse of the German Democratic Republic released East Germans from public control and authoritarian intimidation. But with freedom, they are having to learn to make choices and to live with risk and uncertainty. West Germans are resentful at the cost of reunification and arrogant about the sad state of their Eastlander brethren. Both halves of Germany will have to deal with their separate and joint pasts. They should expect moral and psychological unity to take longer than the material recuperation of the east.
Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.
