The Long Road To Freedom: Russia And Glasnost
The reader is well served by the author's confining himself to one aspect of the Gorbachev revolution, glasnost, for it enables him to go more deeply than other studies have into the effects of the new openness on various sectors of the establishment and of Soviet society. It is done with Laqueur's customary breadth of historical perspective, reaching back into the Russian past, and with his understanding of the role of the intelligentsia and of cultural change. Recent revelations and the new freedom of expression have at times been breathtaking, but Laqueur rightly stresses the limits of the process; in Gorbachev's words, it is "glasnost in the interest of socialism."
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The jailing of Russian oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky has revealed the fault lines running through the post-Soviet political economy. The reforms and privatization of the 1990s were so flawed and unfair as to make them unstable. A backlash was inevitable. Given Vladimir Putin's authoritarian tendencies, that backlash has proved equally flawed and unfair-and perhaps equally unstable.
Russia's popular new president is better positioned than his predecessor was to enact needed reforms. But all of Vladimir Putin's efforts will come to nought unless he can do what Boris Yeltsin never did: rein in Russia's plutocrats. These ruthless oligarchs have fleeced Russia of staggering sums, seizing control of its oil industry -- one of the world's largest -- in the process. Through payoffs and intimidation, they have insinuated themselves into electoral politics and virtually immunized themselves from prosecution. None of Russia's problems -- neither its crippled economy, nor its emaciated infrastructure, nor its wheezing democracy -- will be solved while the robber barons retain their power. America cannot afford to sit on the sidelines any longer.

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