A German Identity, 1770-1990
A young British historian, now teaching in the United States, presents a non-German view of the perennial question "What is German?" Part conventional history from the end of the eighteenth century to the present, part clever insights into this history. James considers as crucial the role of economic power as an ingredient in German nationalism and argues that that component will have a decisive part in shaping the future of the two Germanies. He rejects the notion of a special path in German history, but implicit in his analysis is a worry about German identity and stability in the future. An uneven and pleasantly unpredictable book.
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German history teaches that malice and simplicity have their appeal, that force impresses, and that nothing in the public realm is inevitable. It also proves that democratic reconstruction is possible, even on initially uncongenial ground.
After 40 years of division, the two former halves of Germany are discovering the psychological stresses of unity. The collapse of the German Democratic Republic released East Germans from public control and authoritarian intimidation. But with freedom, they are having to learn to make choices and to live with risk and uncertainty. West Germans are resentful at the cost of reunification and arrogant about the sad state of their Eastlander brethren. Both halves of Germany will have to deal with their separate and joint pasts. They should expect moral and psychological unity to take longer than the material recuperation of the east.
Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.

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