Red Eagle: The Army In Polish Politics, 1944-1988
General Jaruzelski is the central figure in this worthy monograph. As a representative both of Poland's historic military tradition and of the new, efficient postwar army, and with a reputation (not wholly deserved) as a soldier-patriot, he rose rapidly to power in the army and ultimately in the state apparatus, all the while consistently serving the interest of the Soviet Union and the communist system. Indeed, for a time he proved indispensable to it. Civil-military relations in Poland, Michta demonstrates, were unlike those anywhere else in Eastern Europe.
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An investigation into Polish atrocities against Jews during World War II has prompted a divisive, painful debate about antisemitism and what it means to be Polish. In rectifying one chapter of the historical record, the new research has magnified the heritage that still holds Poland back from becoming a truly pluralistic democracy.
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Between August 1980 and December 1981, the Polish crisis had an important international dimension. Since the imposition of martial law on December 13, 1981, however, the political situation in Poland has drastically changed. One might argue that it is now merely the internal concern of that country or, at most, of the Soviet empire. If this be so, Poland must no longer be a matter of particular concern for American foreign policy.

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