Making War: The 200-Year-Old Battle Between President And Congress Over The Way America Goes To War
This engaging essay, part memoir, begins with Desert Storm and ends with Panama, with constitutional theory and history in between. Lehman has served the last three Republican presidents; he was Reagan's secretary of the navy. He is wise enough to recognize that the Constitution hardly settled the tussle over war powers-it was, in Edwin Corwin's phrase, "an invitation to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy." He is also honest enough to admit that while he favors a strong president in principle, he tends, like most of us, to look more favorably on Congress. Lehman emphasizes the leverage of congressional investigation ("inquisition," through his executive branch spectacles), and he concludes that Congress' power of the purse has been roughly the check on executive discretion that the Founding Fathers had in mind.
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US public expectations of a 'peace dividend' from the collapse of the socialist bloc are unrealistic. Structural properties of US defence policy-making, and the non-existence of any strategic vision not predicated on the monolithic Soviet threat, mean that "for the next several years the 'peace dividend' will be much smaller than enthusiasts hope, and earning it will require departures from customary congressional habits". Offers advice on a strategy for reducing US defence expenditure (1) avoid a return to the 'hollow army' by shifting towards reserve or 'round-out' units (2) cut US forces in Europe in the light of CFE results, not in advance of them (3) defer various high-price equipment programmes, while preserving R&D budgets (4) using arms control to cut what the USA "can safely do without".
U.S. spending on foreign policy--defense, aid, and diplomacy--has been halved since 1962, while entitlements grab evermore tax dollars. Congress should now be investing more in national security, not beggaring it for a peace dividend.
The recent troubles of the CIA date back to its early years, when dashing young men toyed with foreign governments. Evan Thomas evokes the time. Jeffrey T. Richelson catalogs the consequences.

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