The Japanese Question: Power And Purpose In A New Era
There is a shortage of analyses of Japanese foreign policy with historical perspective. This slim but valuable monograph helps fill that gap. The author is a professor of history and a Japan specialist at the University of Washington. By judiciously weaving into his work the writings of many distinguished Japanese scholars and politicians, Pyle provides a provocative guide to Japan's continuing search for a "national purpose." He concedes that the weight of Japanese history and culture is undoubtedly on the side of a deeply ingrained and persistent ethnocentrism. But he sees an effort on the part of the Japanese elite to foster a national consensus behind what he calls a "new internationalism."
Related
Soviet options in East Asia are limited by the USSR's lack of economic influence, but Gorbachev's new flexible diplomacy has led to limited advances. Discusses current relations with China, Japan, and the two Koreas, noting that influence in the Pacific region's economy is likely to be marginal for the next few decades. Concludes that prospects are good for a reduction in tension in the region.
Since the end of World War II, there have been three watersheds in Sino-Soviet relations. In February 1950, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China formed an alliance against the West. In the late 1950s, there was the beginning of the historic split between them that transformed international politics. Then, in the early 1970s, there began the Sino-American rapprochement that, by the end of the decade, completely altered the strategic landscape and led to an incipient Chinese-American alliance against the Soviet Union.
Since Mao Zedong's death in 1976, and particularly since the rise of Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the post-Mao leaders of China have sought to develop a new strategy and new institutions for modernizing China. In the economy, they have sought a more decentralized, quasi-market socialist system better suited to Chinese conditions than the highly centralized, Soviet-type system they adopted in 1949. Perhaps the most significant step has been a de facto decollectivization of agriculture.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.