The Shape Of The New Europe
In the flood of "whither Europe" books-what will the newly united, newly challenged Europe be like-this collection of essays stands out, not least by the stature of its well-known contributors. Helen Wallace begins the volume with questions concerning the likely structures that might accommodate a Europe that was preparing for the leap to a single market and beyond-and that since 1989-90 faces an impoverished, liberated eastern Europe and the successor states to the U.S.S.R. Will the EC go forward, and if so, how and for whom and with what associated organizations? François Heisbourg deals with the prospects of a new European security system. And Stanley Hoffmann discusses the possible political arrangements for the new Europe. Along with the other authors Hoffmann probes the implications of all this for the United States, and the implications of a domestically weakened and preoccupied America for Europe. In a characteristic, if slightly mischievous, formulation, he writes: "Washington would like its partners to speak in a single voice, as long as they repeat what the United States tells them."
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After 40 years of division, the two former halves of Germany are discovering the psychological stresses of unity. The collapse of the German Democratic Republic released East Germans from public control and authoritarian intimidation. But with freedom, they are having to learn to make choices and to live with risk and uncertainty. West Germans are resentful at the cost of reunification and arrogant about the sad state of their Eastlander brethren. Both halves of Germany will have to deal with their separate and joint pasts. They should expect moral and psychological unity to take longer than the material recuperation of the east.
Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.
That Western Europe is in a state of disarray has become a commonplace. The headlines proclaim it, the capital flight confirms it. After a generation of unprecedented prosperity and progress, the West European nations, though still remarkably strong, are encountering a network of difficulties that threatens them in various realms and that seems to defy known remedies.
