Candidates For Integration: The Neutral And Central European Countries Facing The European Community
While central Europe's interest in joining the European Community and even NATO is well understood in the United States, far less is known about the changing attitudes of the neutrals: Austria, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland. Therein lies the greatest value of this short but informative book. An excellent chapter by Bo Huldt, until recently Director of the Swedish Institute of International Affairs, makes clear that his country has fully turned away from "neutrality" as it seeks its European identity. The Swiss editor, Curt Gasteyger, suggests a similar though less definitive trend in his country. Contributions by Polish and Hungarian authors underline the fact that their nations have yet to find institutional homes. Ironically the public reaction in Europe to the Maastricht treaty may prove of assistance to those who give greater priority to "widening" the European Community to other countries rather than "deepening" it through economic and political integration.
Related
The Atlantic nations are moving toward a new security relationship which may in time involve the role of European strategic nuclear forces. We are in a period of widespread questioning of the nature of future American participation in the defense of Western Europe. In the squalor of American cities, the increased racial and social tensions of our society and the demands for a shift in national priorities away from defense toward domestic problems lie the seeds of change. If we add to these the economic recovery of Europe, the U.S. view that the allies are not carrying a fair share of their own defense, the balance-of-payments deficit toward which the U.S. forces abroad make a substantial contribution, the squeeze on the Pentagon budget, the tendency resulting from the traumatic experience in Vietnam to shed responsibilities, we find the ingredients of a reduced U.S. military involvement in Europe.
A New and contentious concept has seeped into the transatlantic dialogue in recent times. It has been suggested that the United States may "decouple" itself from its strategic commitment to Western Europe in the future, or perhaps is in the process of doing so now. The codification of mutual deterrence in the SALT agreements of a year ago, combined with the earlier loss of U.S. nuclear superiority, is seen as having considerably eroded the remaining credibility of the American nuclear guarantee to Europe. Some go further to find in the agreements an implicit understanding between the two superpowers that neither will henceforth initiate the use of nuclear weapons in any circumstances short of the direct defense of its own territory. Arid even thoughtful Europeans who still observe the litany of faith in the nuclear guarantee do so with diminished conviction and look for opportunities through coöperative European actions to compensate for a substantial degree of American disengagement.[i]

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