Russia Transformed: Breakthrough To Hope
By chance when the failed putsch of August 1991 occurred, the Librarian of Congress and a distinguished historian of Russia, James Billington, was in Moscow. In an eloquent and highly engaging fashion he weaves together his own comings and goings during the three days and the larger unfolding events. Even for the specialist who may have a rather detailed picture of the essential sequence, Billington offers a great deal. But he has written the book to do more than add insight to the events themselves; he also wishes to provide the deeper meaning of this moment in Russian history. Here, however, the book becomes less compelling, in part because anecdotes, personal encounters and revealing incidents bear less well the weight of that task.
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Gorbachev's new thinking is based on the belief that military power is not the only way to national security, and that there is a link between national and mutual security. The revolution in foreign policy thinking has been most profound at the level of policy concepts, and has been based on a realization that the real threat to the USSR comes from the weakening of the economy due to excessive military spending. Notes how the ideas underpinning the foreign policy revolution have existed for the last decade, and how the evidence suggests that the change is genuine.
Although Russia has projected itself more forcefully on the world stage since the beginning of the Putin era, its foreign policy still lacks any sort of grand strategic vision. Russian leaders continue to squabble over issues from NATO expansion to the world economy. But they are particularly concerned about Russia's identity, especially with regard to the post-Soviet states. If the Bush administration fails to devise a coherent policy of its own toward its former rival, it may face serious problems down the road.
