Who's Bashing Whom? Trade Conflict in High-Technology Industries
Technology-intensive industries make special contributions to the performance of the American economy. They "violate the assumptions of free trade theory and the static economic concepts that are the traditional basis for U.S. trade policy." Other governments intervene in these industries to the competitive disadvantage of American producers. These three premises guide Tyson's thorough examination of American difficulties with other countries--especially Japan--in the computer, semiconductor, electronics and commercial aircraft industries. These chapters provide strong evidence for her major policy conclusion, which is that the United States should defend itself against damaging foreign practices but only by approaches that encourage competition and trade. Calling herself a "cautious activist," Tyson stresses the need for selectivity, negotiation and specificity. The new chairman of President Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers has written an important book.
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The 1930s deserve their bad reputation. Unemployment, misery, for many people hunger and, for more, the lack of hope, went with all the other ills of the Great Depression. Then Hitler came to power and fascism around the world grew stronger. The invasions of China by Japan and Ethiopia by Italy, and the Franco rebellion in Spain that soon came to be seen as a kind of global civil war--all showed the way the world was going. Driven by economic pressures, the policies of democratic countries became more narrowly nationalistic; bilateral and preferential trade agreements increased and France, Britain and Holland did what they could to assert privileged positions in their colonies. Although the Soviet Union was hardly a worker's paradise, the very fact that it offered an alternative to collapsed capitalism stirred people's interest and the Kremlin had new cards to play with. The worried democracies, meanwhile, did little to check the rising strength of fascism and were led to make one concession after another. If the times had any redeeming feature, it was that they made people think.
The new president cannot wait until his January 20 inauguration to signal boldly how he will deal with urgent economic problems at home and abroad. He should confront Congress as a tough fiscal conservative on domestic spending and open discussions with German and Japanese leaders on trade, growth, and currency issues.
An economic bnoom is underway in China, and the United States is in danger of isolating itself from the benefits. A forward-looking policy would not only offer tremendous opportunity for American investment,trade and jobs, but it could also be a force for political moderation in Beijing.
