Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-89
Today Washington is reassessing the purpose and role of foreign aid. The consensus is that it has been very much an instrument of national policy. In the United States, foreign aid has usually been justified on national security grounds. Lumsdaine has a more benign view, arguing that donors have been motivated less by political and economic interests than by humanitarian ones. How refreshing! He rejects the realist explanation by marshaling an impressive amount of data and analysis on international aid efforts over a 40-year span. This work is both an interpretation of the international system and a study of aid programs for the Third World. On the latter score alone it merits a close reading.
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As a matter of policy, Washington is committed to supporting development in impoverished countries, and most Americans believe that it is following through. In fact, U.S. assistance for the world's poorest countries is utterly inadequate. Only a new international development strategy can rectify the situation. Continued failure will be too expensive, for the United States and the world.
The traditional goals of U.S. foreign aid -- promoting U.S. security and fostering development in poor countries -- are no longer as pressing after the Cold War. Washington must revamp its approach to aid and address new, urgent priorities: shoring up peacekeeping efforts in such places as the Middle East and the Balkans; easing the transition to globalization; tackling transnational environmental crises and diseases; and improving the quality of life for the world's neediest. This new diplomacy will not only transform U.S. aid but bolster its relevance to American interests and values in a rapidly changing world.
Foreign aid has traditionally focused on communicable diseases and the needs of mothers and children. But now fertility rates are dropping throughout the world and populations are graying. Chronic ailments such as diabetes and heart disease will become far more widespread, placing great strain on health care budgets in developing countries. The focus of aid should change accordingly.
