Ambassador Frederic Sackett and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1930-1933: The United States and Hitler's Rise to Power
In 1930, President Hoover dispatched Sackett, a Kentucky senator with strong mining interests and fervent anticommunism, to Berlin. Sackett established the closest relations with Chancellor Brhning at the beginning of the end of Weimar. He went native -- came to represent German interests -- and regretted that he had no leverage with American bankers who conducted their own important financial policies. Sackett's reports record his boundless admiration of Brhning and his hopes of helping him achieve far-reaching revisions of the Versailles Treaty by negotiations. Washington was passive, and Burke criticizes Sackett for appealing to American anticommunism rather than focusing on the Nazi danger. After Brhning's dismissal in May 1932, Sackett lost all hope; he saw the enfeebled Social Democrats as virtually the only democratic hope and rightly called them "a most effective bulwark against Communism." The book is based on the author's doctoral dissertation of 1966, with an impressive array of archival sources; it incorporates some of the subsequent scholarship but is undistinguished in style and analysis. At an exorbitant price!
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German history teaches that malice and simplicity have their appeal, that force impresses, and that nothing in the public realm is inevitable. It also proves that democratic reconstruction is possible, even on initially uncongenial ground.
After 40 years of division, the two former halves of Germany are discovering the psychological stresses of unity. The collapse of the German Democratic Republic released East Germans from public control and authoritarian intimidation. But with freedom, they are having to learn to make choices and to live with risk and uncertainty. West Germans are resentful at the cost of reunification and arrogant about the sad state of their Eastlander brethren. Both halves of Germany will have to deal with their separate and joint pasts. They should expect moral and psychological unity to take longer than the material recuperation of the east.
Daniel Goldhagen's book on the Holocaust--condemning the German "eliminationist" mindset toward Jews--has become an international bestseller and a datum in German-American relations. Pity, because it is a simplistic, monocausal, and unhistorical explanation of one of the most complex horrors in history. For Goldhagen, as for the Nazis, Hitler is Germany.

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