France, Germany, and the Western Alliance
A succinct analysis of Franco-German relations in matters of defense and foreign policy. The author, a British student of French and strategic affairs, gives a brief account of the historic reconciliation between the two countries after 1949 and argues that in the new post-Cold War era, French-German collaboration will have a harder time without the Soviet threat as a raison d'être. Germans have a stronger interest in Eastern Europe; the French have an anxious concern with North Africa: their policies in the former Yugoslavia already diverged. The French have become uneasy about their newly unified neighbor, and still the Franco-German alliance within the NATO alliance is likely to remain fundamental to a Europe that has once again become more skeptical about American leadership.
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On August 2, 1914, a young officer burst into the office of General Lyautey in Rabat to inform him that hostilities had just broken out between France and Germany. Lyautey, who had spent the greater part of his career in Asia and in Africa and had acquired the habit of looking at problems not on the scale of a general staff map but on the scale of a world map, stopped to think, then lifted his eyes and said slowly: "They are crazy; it is a civil war." The young officer closed the door behind him without understanding. For him, as for most men of his time, the history of the twentieth century, like that of the nineteenth, could only be written by the European peoples; their strife, however tragic the consequences, was thus in the nature of things.
Events in Europe since 1989 have undermined the traditional premises of French security policy. Future French governments are "likely to strive to retain as much of the Gaullist attitude as possible, even if the substance of their policies eventually contains less and less of the approach de Gaulle bequeathed them". See also David S Yost 'La France dans la nouvelle Europe' Politique Étrangère 55/4 Winter 1990 pp887-901, 9 refs.
The two world wars are the mountain ranges that dominate the historical landscape of the twentieth century. We still live in their shadows, in America as well as in Europe. Only with these wars did European and American history begin to coincide. The revolutions of 1820, 1830, 1848 and the wars leading to the unification of Italy and Germany marked the nineteenth century in European history, while the major events in American history were the westward movement, the Civil War and mass immigration. These events had certain transatlantic connections, yet not decisive ones. But in the twentieth century the two world wars have been the main events in the history of Europe and America as well.

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