Revolutionary Horizons: Regional Foreign Policy in Post-Khomeini Iran
At a time when Americans are being told that Iran is an outlaw state, it is worth noting the conclusions of a careful study of recent Iranian foreign policy. This book certainly does not try to whitewash Iran's image. But the author does argue that Iran's revolutionary message has been tempered in recent years by an acute awareness of the economic weakness of the state and the dangers of the surrounding regional environment. As a result, Iran has usually put state interests ahead of revolutionary goals. The exceptions are noted and ascribed to incomplete control by the regime over foreign policy or to divisions within the elite. Missing from the book is the wider setting of Iran's relations with Russia, China, India, Japan, and Europe. In addition, the author used almost exclusively English-language sources. Still, this is a solid contribution to understanding Iran's regional policies.
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Nearly a quarter-century after the revolution, economic failure and a bankrupt ideology have discredited the Islamic Republic. Despite the attention paid to a clash between "reformers" and "conservatives" in the government, the real story in Iran is the growing discontent among the generation born after 1979. This "Third Force" will eventually topple the regime, and the United States should just watch and wait.
Anxious to turn back a string of recent victories by President Mohammad Khatami and his reformist allies, Iran's conservatives have embarked on a campaign of bloody repression. As the two camps battle for control of the Islamic Republic, the proper moves from Washington just might tip the balance. Modest engagement can help Iran's moderates help themselves.
Every president since Richard Nixon has recognized that ensuring stability in the Persian Gulf is a vital U.S. interest. In its first term, the Clinton administration attempted to deal with the twin dangers of Iran and Iraq through a strategy of "dual containment" that kept both countries boxed in with economic sanctions and military monitoring. Dual containment, however, is more a slogan than a strategy, and far too blunt an instrument to serve American interests in the Middle East. The United States must employ a more nuanced approach, keeping the straitjacket on Saddam while seeking improved relations with Iran.

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