On the Eve of the Millennium: The Future of Democracy Through an Age of Unreason
The approach of the millennium, it is said, will induce many people to behave strangely, and we have no better proof of it than this short book by the otherwise sensible O'Brien. It begins with a ranting attack on Pope John Paul II--stimulated, it seems, by the latter's effort to make common cause with Muslims over family-related issues--in which the author admits that not a day goes by when he does not wish for John Paul's demise. By putting the pope in the same category as the Ayatollah Khomeini and labeling him an enemy of the Enlightenment, the author ignores the substantial support John Paul II has given to the cause of liberal democracy around the world and the legitimization of capitalism contained in his encyclical Centesimus Annus. The other essays in the volume are equally splenetic and quirky in their judgments, asserting, for example, that democracies tend toward a flabby populism--ignoring the costly and successful 40-year effort of the NATO alliance to resist communism.
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To some degree, biology is destiny. The feminist school of international relations has a point: a truly matriarchal world would be less prone to conflict and more cooperative than the one we now inhabit. And world politics has been gradually feminizing over the past century. But the broader scene will still be populated by states led by men like Mobutu, Milosevic, or Saddam. If tomorrow's troublemakers are armed with nuclear weapons, we might be better off being led by women like Margaret Thatcher than, say, Gro Harlem Brundtland. Masculine policies will still be essential even in a feminized world.
Backing women's rights in developing countries isn't just good ethics; it's also sound economics. Growth and living standards get a dramatic boost when women are given just a bit more education, political clout, and economic opportunity. So the United States should aggressively promote women's rights abroad. And by couching its case in economic terms, it might even overcome the resistance of conservative Muslim countries that have long balked at gender equality.
Since winning elections in 2006, Hamas has demonstrated that it cannot be part of an Israeli-Palestinian peace process, nor part of a Palestinian body politic based on democracy and free elections. But can policymakers deny the group the ability to play the spoiler?

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