India and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options
An intriguing study of what the Indian elite thinks about nuclear weapons. The data are taken from a specially commissioned survey by one of India’s leading market research companies and analyzed by several American and Indian defense specialists. The survey divides respondents into supporters of renunciation, acquisition, or the Indian government policy of ambiguity, neither renouncing nuclear weapons nor acquiring them. The survey found substantial support for current government policy. Some 57 percent of those polled favored New Delhi’s policy of neither confirming nor denying a de facto nuclear capability. Some 33 percent favored outright acquisition and only 8 percent supported renunciation. There are also informative chapters on the pros and cons of India’s four major nuclear policy options -- the above three, along with a freeze on current production.
Related
Over the last year, the U.S. and Indian governments struck a deal that recognizes India as a nuclear weapons power. Critics say Washington gave up too much too soon and at a great cost to nonproliferation efforts. Perhaps. But India could in time become a valuable security partner. So despite the deal's flaws and the uncertainties surrounding its implementation, Washington should move forward with it.
America's view of India as a nuclear revisionist state discounts India's many disarmament initiatives and its adherence to basic nonproliferation efforts.
India's and Pakistan's nuclear tests last May were a double setback: for security on the subcontinent and worldwide nonproliferation efforts. U.S. attempts to forge warmer relations with both countries were also casualties of the blasts. The tests could spark a chain of withdrawals from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, undermining the international consensus against the spread of nuclear arms. Cold War brinkmanship is no model for diplomacy. For their sake as well as the world's, India and Pakistan need to stabilize their nuclear rivalry at the lowest possible level, ban further tests, and embrace frequent, high-level bilateral talks to ease tensions.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.