Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts
This useful and workmanlike book offers formulas for stabilizing political systems in situations where full democracy is not possible -- an important and often underestimated aspect of international diplomacy. It explains that power-sharing arrangements lie on a spectrum between consociational approaches that take existing communities and their leaders as givens, and integrative ones that seek to create new institutions and alliances cutting across communal lines. The book makes the important point that the international community has placed too much stress on early elections based on simple majority rule in the absence of prior power-sharing agreements, something that frequently makes ethnic conflicts worse and undermines the objective of democratic reform.
Related
If conflict in Rhodesia or Viet Nam-or half a dozen other places-should develop in a way that makes a United Nations peacekeeping force desirable and even urgent, what would happen? Could such a force be organized? Would the Soviet Union and France try to block action if the force were created by the General Assembly? Where would the troops come from? Would they be authorized to use their weapons? Who would pay for the undertaking?
The intervention in Somalia was not an abject failure; an estimated 100,000 lives were saved. But its mismanagement should be an object lesson for peacekeepers in Bosnia and on other such missions. No large intervention, military or humanitarian, can remain neutral or assuredly brief in a strife-torn failed state. Nation-building, the rebuilding of a state's basic civil institutions, is required in fashioning a self-sustaining body politic out of anarchy. In the future, the United States, the United Nations, and other intervenors should be able to declare a state "bankrupt" and go in to restore civic order and foster reconciliation.
Michael J. Glennon got it wrong: don't count the UN Security Council out yet.

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