Iran and the Gulf: A Search for Stability
Contemporary Iran is not an easy country to understand, as this first-rate collection of essays makes clear. For some, Iran is still a potential threat to gulf stability, a state to be contained by America allied with other status quo powers. Most of the authors here, however, see Iran as evolving into a status quo power in its own right, albeit one with hegemonic ambitions. There is no consensus among the authors, but the editor joins the optimists in foreseeing a time in which Iran will cooperate with its neighbors to bring stability to the gulf. The most intellectually rewarding of the essays is by Roy Mottahedeh, who provides a fine account of the dilemmas created by Khomeini's notion of the guardianship of the jurist.
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No area of the world had a greater impact on American politics, national security, and economic well-being than did the Middle East in 1979. With the fall of the Pahlavi regime in Iran early in the year, a profound change in the regional balance of power took place. In November, when the deposed Shah was admitted to the United States for medical treatment, militants seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and at the end of the year were still holding about 50 Americans hostage--with the support of Ayatollah Khomeini, the head of the new Iranian Islamic Republic. And in late December the Soviet Union used its own forces to replace one communist leader in Afghanistan with another more to its liking and subsequently sent over 50,000 troops to secure the new regime and to put down insurgents in the countryside.

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