The Six-Day War: A Retrospective
In the months since the Egyptian revolution, the Sinai has grown increasingly unstable, and jihadi groups operating in the area threaten to ignite the already tense Egyptian-Israeli relationship. What the Sinai needs is not more Egyptian troops, however, but a program of political and economic development.
Modeled on the efforts to understand the Cuban missile crisis by bringing together key participants, this project has assembled Israelis, Egyptians, Americans, and Russians on the 25th anniversary of the Arab-Israeli "Six-Day" War of 1967, in which Israel occupied the West Bank, Gaza, Golan, and the Sinai, and which has cast a long shadow over the Middle East. The book includes both analytical overviews by scholars and practitioners and excerpts from lively contemporary discussions. On the whole, Israelis feel the war was justified, and most Americans agree; Arabs often argue that Egyptian President Nasser was manipulated into a confrontation that he had been trying to avoid for most of the decade. A few mysteries remain: What was Moscow doing when it falsely warned of a concentration of Israeli troops on the Syrian front in early May? Precisely what led President Johnson to shift from trying to prevent war to acquiescing in an Israeli preemptive strike? Why did Nasser keep escalating the crisis, given the balance of military power in Israel's favor? Still, any reader of this book will come away with a much clearer understanding of how a crisis that no one seems to have wanted led to a war that radically changed the Middle East.
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The problem in the Arab-Israeli peace process in late 1985 is not how to arrange a negotiation. The problem is how to make it politically possible--even imperative--for leaders in the conflict to commit themselves to negotiate. Making peace is first a political process, and only second a negotiating process, as the experience of the 1970s taught us. The intense negotiations of that decade, from the shuttle diplomacy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger through the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979, followed political steps that had already demonstrated commitment to negotiation and lowered the human and psychological barriers to peace.
The popular revolt against Hosni Mubarak in Egypt has made many Israelis uneasy. But could the Egyptian crisis in fact offer the Israeli government a new opportunity for regional diplomacy?
This article appears in the Foreign Affairs/CFR eBook, The New Arab Revolt.
With the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli agreement, the focus in the troubled Middle East has turned to the West Bank, and negotiation of a wider peace settlement. What is rarely discussed in the context of these critical talks is the deterioration of the Israeli economy and the increasing economic pressures on the coalition government of Prime Minister Menachem Begin. Plagued with the greatest military burden per capita of any country in the world, pushed by its Zionist mission to perpetuate an inefficient state presence in the economy, and dependent upon American assistance for its basic needs, Israel is entering into the most difficult economic phase in its history.

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