Who Elected the Bankers? Surveillance and Control in the World Economy
The core of this book skillfully describes the evolution of international monetary cooperation from the League of Nations in the early 1920s to the International Monetary Fund in the 1990s, stressing the continuities and changes over the past 75 years. The author contends that widespread and relatively free international movements of private capital, implying a reduction in scope for governmental action in both macroeconomic stabilization and in income redistribution, did not just happen. It reflected a series of conscious decisions by governments about what, on balance, would best enhance national economic well-being.
The underlying thesis that market globalization, however brought about, delegitimizes the nation-state is much overdrawn. Most problems of governments these days, in rich and poor countries alike, do not arise from external pressures or events.
Related
A debate is unfolding over a new IMF proposal to avert future Argentina-style financial meltdowns: an international "Chapter 11" that would let a country declare bankruptcy, just like a troubled firm. Such a plan would represent an improvement over the current approach -- but it will not eliminate financial crises altogether.
Initially devised to maintain a system of fixed exchange rates, the IMF took on a new role during the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s-providing moderate amounts of credit, facilitating debt renegotiations, and recommending responsible macroeconomic policies. But the IMF is also applying the lessons of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, where a fundamental economic restructuring was necessary, to Asia. So in Korea, for example, the fund called for reform of inefficient conglomerates and inflexible labor laws. However beneficial in the long run, such changes are not needed to resolve the current crisis. By stepping in too far and too soon, the IMF discourages countries from seeking modest help. Even worse, it encourages bankers to undertake more risky loans, making another crisis more likely.
A new U.S. emphasis on African maritime development -- dedicated not only to rooting out piracy but also renovating ports and investing in job creation -- could improve African security and economic growth.

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