New Britain: My Vision of a Young Country
As campaign manifestoes go, this is certainly an illuminating one. A collection of speeches and articles, it affords a good view of the "new Labor" that Blair has shaped and of the "new Britain" he will now try to create as prime minister. His vision is far less vapid than his prudent and rhetorically hollow campaign made one fear. What emerges is, indeed, something new (for the Labor party): a vision of class cooperation instead of class struggle; an emphasis on efficiency and technological progress at least as strong as the more traditional emphasis on social justice; a genuine, informed concern for education (it will be "the passion of my Government"); a recognition of the need for a market economy but not for the demise of public means of intervention; a far more positive attitude toward Europe than in the past; and a devolution of power to Britain's components, putting an end to "the era of big centralized government." The notion of a "stakeholder" economy and politics emphasizing investment, quality, and trust was, if not a triumph of substance over slogans, a good way of stealing Conservative assets.
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Tony Judt is right to have doubts about the future of European union, but his jeremiad lacks an eye for detail.
The history of the Atlantic Alliance is a history of crises. But we must distinguish between the routine difficulties engendered by Western Europe's dependence on the United States for its security, as well as by the economic interdependence of the allies, and major breakdowns or misunderstandings which reveal not simply an inevitable divergence of interests but dramatically different views of the world and priorities. At the present time, complaints from West European leaders about the effects of high American interest rates on their economies, or about President Reagan's skeptical approach to North-South economic issues, belong in the first category. The current controversy in Europe over nuclear weapons belongs in the second, and now confronts the Alliance with one of its most dangerous tests.
Not much attention was paid in March 1985, when the European Council, whose members include the chiefs of state and government of the 12 member states, decided that it should constitute a single market by 1992. After all, the European Community had been established in 1957 with the goal of a common market, and many people believed that the goal had been reached; tariffs within the Community had been abolished, a common external tariff put in place and a controversial common agricultural policy instituted.

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