Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941
In the space of one generation Japan created, ex nihilo as it were, a fleet capable of defeating those of two second-rank powers -- China and then Russia. Within the space of a second generation it had a fleet that in terms of quality and, in some respects, quantity matched that of the United States or Great Britain. As indicated by the title, this scholarly work deals with the interrelationships of strategy, tactics, and technology. It is not merely a fine historical account but one of more general importance, discussing how choices about weapons reflect martial culture and operational styles. The Japanese bid for qualitative superiority and decisive victory at the first stroke, coupled with ill-understood weaknesses in systems engineering and mass production, created a navy that could inflict severe setbacks upon its American counterpart, but not, ultimately, defeat it. It is rare to find an important work so well illustrated: sketches, tables, charts, diagrams, and pictures serve the authors' purposes brilliantly. Subtle, illuminating, and profound, it is difficult to do justice to a book that will almost certainly hold the field for some decades to come.
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The tools and techniques for waging war never stand still, but these are the early days of a revolution in military affairs as momentous as those wrought by the railroad and the airplane. This newest transformation is a consequence of developments in civilian society including the information revolution and postindustrial capitalism. Its satellite imagery and smart bombs will change the forms of combat and armies. Personnel and politics, as always, will be as crucial as technology.
The United States may be an uncontested military superpower, but it remains defenseless against a new mode of attack: information warfare. As the military, the private sector, and Washington grow increasingly dependent on computers and information networks, they also grow more vulnerable to cyber-attack. Cyberspace is becoming the new front line of warfare, and private citizens are the new prime target. U.S. policymakers and technology entrepreneurs must wake up to this threat and build a wall of defense -- now.
The Cold War induced caution in nations that feared uncontrollable escalation. Now that confrontations are less likely to careen out of control, a new season of bellicosity is here. The U.S. military, trapped in a Cold War mindset, has failed to realize this. It is spending far too much on casualty-prone units in all the services, in an age when political opposition to casualties effectively makes these units unavailable for combat. The military should recalibrate its priorities and shift funds to weapons such as high-tech lasers, stealth aircraft, and cruise missiles that can make warfare less lethal for Americans.

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