How to Be a Cheap Hawk: The 1999 and 2000 Defense Budgets
An oxymoronic title is an avoidable misfortune. A cheap hawk belongs in an aviary of mythological birds, inhabited chiefly by parsimonious politicians desirous of appearing tough. The author has produced another survey of the defense budget in the Brookings tradition, calling for modest, sober, and prudent reductions in the defense budget. The tables and graphs are ample, the writing clear, and the references impeccable. The arguments are comprehensive, if superficial, as in a two- or three-page summary of the "revolution in military affairs" debate. But there is a certain willingness to take good news at face value (as when, for example, senior officers blithely say that units have never been more ready while the air force cannot retain pilots and marine helicopters wheeze their way into fatal accidents). The tone is eminently reasonable, but one cannot help but wonder what circumstances would elicit a plea for modest, sober, and prudent increases in the defense budget.
Related
The tools and techniques for waging war never stand still, but these are the early days of a revolution in military affairs as momentous as those wrought by the railroad and the airplane. This newest transformation is a consequence of developments in civilian society including the information revolution and postindustrial capitalism. Its satellite imagery and smart bombs will change the forms of combat and armies. Personnel and politics, as always, will be as crucial as technology.
The United States may be an uncontested military superpower, but it remains defenseless against a new mode of attack: information warfare. As the military, the private sector, and Washington grow increasingly dependent on computers and information networks, they also grow more vulnerable to cyber-attack. Cyberspace is becoming the new front line of warfare, and private citizens are the new prime target. U.S. policymakers and technology entrepreneurs must wake up to this threat and build a wall of defense -- now.
The Cold War induced caution in nations that feared uncontrollable escalation. Now that confrontations are less likely to careen out of control, a new season of bellicosity is here. The U.S. military, trapped in a Cold War mindset, has failed to realize this. It is spending far too much on casualty-prone units in all the services, in an age when political opposition to casualties effectively makes these units unavailable for combat. The military should recalibrate its priorities and shift funds to weapons such as high-tech lasers, stealth aircraft, and cruise missiles that can make warfare less lethal for Americans.

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