British Politics Since the War; Labour's Landslide: The British General Election 1997
Coxall and Robbins, who teach at the University of Brighton and at de Montford University in Leicester, have written a comprehensive and remarkably objective history of British politics from 1945 to the present. They deal not only with domestic politics, but also with Britain's multinational dimension, Britain and Europe, and the rise and problems of the welfare state. A final chapter on three ideological perspectives -- the Marxist left, the new right, and the political center -- is particularly welcome.
Geddes and Tonge, who teach at the University of Liverpool and at the University of Salford, have put together an excellent collection of essays on the general election of 1997. The authors show the success that Tony Blair's New Labour has had in appealing to white collar and skilled manual workers -- half of the electorate. The Conservatives were defeated by a public perception of their party as "incompetent . . . disunited, and . . . sleazy," and by the electorate's resentment of Tory economic and tax policies of 1992-95. The volume provides crisp analyses of the role of the media (which went massively over to Labour), of the issues of devolution (on which Labour, unlike the Tories, was united), race and immigration (less influential than earlier), and of the place of women (still underrepresented) in the campaign. Short profiles of different constituencies add to the volume's appeal.
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Tony Judt is right to have doubts about the future of European union, but his jeremiad lacks an eye for detail.
The history of the Atlantic Alliance is a history of crises. But we must distinguish between the routine difficulties engendered by Western Europe's dependence on the United States for its security, as well as by the economic interdependence of the allies, and major breakdowns or misunderstandings which reveal not simply an inevitable divergence of interests but dramatically different views of the world and priorities. At the present time, complaints from West European leaders about the effects of high American interest rates on their economies, or about President Reagan's skeptical approach to North-South economic issues, belong in the first category. The current controversy in Europe over nuclear weapons belongs in the second, and now confronts the Alliance with one of its most dangerous tests.
Not much attention was paid in March 1985, when the European Council, whose members include the chiefs of state and government of the 12 member states, decided that it should constitute a single market by 1992. After all, the European Community had been established in 1957 with the goal of a common market, and many people believed that the goal had been reached; tariffs within the Community had been abolished, a common external tariff put in place and a controversial common agricultural policy instituted.

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