Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans
The title is somewhat misleading, given that this book deals primarily with the United States, with only passing references to Germany, Iraq, and the Soviet Union. Still, the material is chilling enough, recounting the use of human subjects for ghastly experiments during the Cold War. Even making allowance for the acute sense of threat felt in the 1950s, Moreno makes clear that American civilians and military personnel were sometimes exposed to unacceptable risks in various experiments, including those involving lsd injections and plutonium. The author, a professor of biomedical ethics with government experience, writes well. What he does not do, unfortunately, is look much beyond the United States, where the abuses of the past are unlikely to be repeated. To be sure, other countries have not exposed so much of their history. But when they do, the results will probably be even scarier.
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The tools and techniques for waging war never stand still, but these are the early days of a revolution in military affairs as momentous as those wrought by the railroad and the airplane. This newest transformation is a consequence of developments in civilian society including the information revolution and postindustrial capitalism. Its satellite imagery and smart bombs will change the forms of combat and armies. Personnel and politics, as always, will be as crucial as technology.
Truth commissions have become a favorite way for new democracies to exorcise the demons in their past. As their popularity has spread, however, so has the controversy. Are these commissions truly the best way to achieve justice in transitional societies -- or just a dodge that dictators use to escape accountability?
Toward the end of what almost immediately came to be called his "Star Wars" speech in March of 1983, President Reagan concluded an impassioned defense of his arms budget by proposing that American scientists begin research on a very advanced system that could protect the West from ballistic missile attack by the turn of the century or soon thereafter.
