Technological Change and the Future of Warfare
The Brookings Institution has produced a defense study that proposes modest cuts in military spending based on an all-too-familiar recipe: a high/low mix of weapon systems (similar to the combination of expensive, high-performance F-15 jets and the cheaper F-16s in the past); smaller hardware purchases; and prudent research that stops short of weapons acquisition. But unlike in previous works with a similar approach, the author takes aim at the debate over the so-called revolution in military affairs (RMA). In this polemic against rma proponents -- who are rarely identified by name and are generally lumped together into an undifferentiated, ill-informed mass of technological enthusiasts -- O'Hanlon's basic message is "not so fast." Building on the belief that technology does not change war all that quickly, he expects that the military of 20 years hence will look like the military of today, give or take a few microchips. O'Hanlon may be right, and he offers much prudence here. But had he said the same thing in 1900 or 1920, he would have been very wrong indeed. Too many straw men clutter his book, against which precision-guided arguments such as his are not needed.
Related
The tools and techniques for waging war never stand still, but these are the early days of a revolution in military affairs as momentous as those wrought by the railroad and the airplane. This newest transformation is a consequence of developments in civilian society including the information revolution and postindustrial capitalism. Its satellite imagery and smart bombs will change the forms of combat and armies. Personnel and politics, as always, will be as crucial as technology.
The United States may be an uncontested military superpower, but it remains defenseless against a new mode of attack: information warfare. As the military, the private sector, and Washington grow increasingly dependent on computers and information networks, they also grow more vulnerable to cyber-attack. Cyberspace is becoming the new front line of warfare, and private citizens are the new prime target. U.S. policymakers and technology entrepreneurs must wake up to this threat and build a wall of defense -- now.
The Cold War induced caution in nations that feared uncontrollable escalation. Now that confrontations are less likely to careen out of control, a new season of bellicosity is here. The U.S. military, trapped in a Cold War mindset, has failed to realize this. It is spending far too much on casualty-prone units in all the services, in an age when political opposition to casualties effectively makes these units unavailable for combat. The military should recalibrate its priorities and shift funds to weapons such as high-tech lasers, stealth aircraft, and cruise missiles that can make warfare less lethal for Americans.

Sign-up for free weekly updates from ForeignAffairs.com.