The Soul of a Nation: Constitution-Making in South Africa
The definitive account to date of South Africa's successful negotiation between 1990 and 1996 of a political settlement of its long racial conflict. A lawyer who played an important managerial role behind the scenes, the author strikes an admirably neutral tone in describing the slogging work of building consensus and compromise. Dramatic moments of crisis appeared when failure loomed, and only the maturity, determination, and humor of party leaders put the talks back on track. The focus throughout is not on the wider political canvas -- the March 1994 right-wing uprising in Bophuthatswana gets two terse sentences -- but on the detailed mechanics of the talks and the key issues under negotiation. This makes the work an ideal complement to the broader and less-exhaustive journalistic accounts of South Africa's transition by Allister Sparks, David Ottaway, and Patti Waldmeir. The inclusion of 38 historically important primary documents adds value to the text for both students and researchers.
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South Africa's political miracle may not be followed by an economic one. Despite its claims of superiority to black governments to the north, the National Party pursued economic policies like most African countries'--import substitution, a wasteful public sector--leading to staggering black unemployment. Only slow private sector growth can lift the black majority out of poverty. But the National Unity government, while avoiding the worst populist temptations, must win citizens over to structural adjustment with gains in education, infrastructure investment, and affirmative action. Of those given little, much is asked.
Despite remarkable progress since the end of apartheid, South Africa today is badly wracked by AIDS and severe wealth inequalities, with a leadership still fixated on racial struggle. After more than a decade in power, the ANC has yet to reconcile its various ambitions: curbing racism, promoting political participation, and advancing the interests of all South Africans.
South Africa's negotiating parties continue to stave off violent extremists on both the right and left. More than a tussle over constitutional mechanics, the current negotiations are an effort to construct a political center that will hold. But agreeing on a spring election well before establishing the rules of the game has transformed the talks into a power struggle, and the eight-month election campaign into a gauntlet of uncertainty.

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