The Oil Kingdom at 100: Petroleum Policymaking in Saudi Arabia
A book for readers seeking a succinct statement on Saudi oil policy, its makers, and the institutional arrangements surrounding it. Well-chosen tables and graphs provide ready information on everything from production and proven reserves of major oil producers to changes in quality-of-life indicators (e.g., literacy and population per physician) in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states. Two short chapters on Saudi foreign policy treat Saudi relations not just with the United States and other major oil importers but with exporters as well. Obaid also assesses the Saudi policy of pumping more oil to force other producers out of the international market, rather than regulating production to ensure price stability. He marshals an informative and reasoned argument that Saudi Arabia actually has a sophisticated, well-organized oil industry and an appropriate oil diplomacy -- contrary to what many critics say.
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A key reason for today's skyrocketing oil prices is the behavior of one of America's closest allies: Saudi Arabia. The world's largest oil exporter was the driving force behind the deal that turned off the spigots. Riyadh is risking a crisis with Washington because the once-flush kingdom has gone broke sustaining a vast welfare state for an exploding population. America must push the Saudis toward privatization and fiscal reform. The House of Saud must get its house in order.
The immediate effect of Asia's crisis will be an oil shock, but in the longer term, Asia's energy needs will be the problem. Asia's energy demand will be more than nine million barrels of oil per day higher in 2010 than it was in 1996--a difference greater than the entire current output of Saudi Arabia. But market integration and cooperation will prevent conflict as countries work together to utilize Central and Southeast Asian natural gas reserves. China, for one, has already reached agreements to develop oil fields in Kazakstan and build a massive pipeline to its Xinjiang province. The South China Sea will remain a concern, but the current crisis will help nations move toward the market and away from state control of energy.
Thanks to a steady increase in oil output in recent years, Russia is now poised to displace Saudi Arabia as the key energy supplier to the West. But the kingdom has not welcomed Russia's gain. The emerging contest for oil dominance between Russia and Saudi Arabia will profoundly affect U.S. energy security, Russia's global role, Saudi power, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, not to mention the global economy.

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