The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the Growing Crisis of Global Security
Butler, the former head of the U.N. Special Commission that inspected and largely dismantled Iraq's weapons of mass destruction after the Gulf War, is understandably bitter about many of his former associates. From a U.N. secretary-general too ready to cave in to Saddam Hussein to a subordinate who publicized America's covert intelligence assistance, Butler found himself coping with insurmountable problems -- among which the unyieldingly deceptive and hostile Iraqi dictatorship was only one. A diplomat by profession and a blunt-spoken Australian by birth and breeding, Butler presided over an effective inspection regime until it cracked apart under the strains of cunning opposition and international disagreements. The book concludes with ominous warnings about the dangers posed by weapons of mass destruction and a fervent (but unrealistic) call for the United Nations to supervise and enforce the dismantling of all such arsenals.
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After the Cold War, the demands on American leadership are no less stern than they were in Dean Acheson's day. Present again at the creation, U.S. diplomacy must pass a series of tests -- of vision, pragmatism, spine, and principle -- to build a foundation for a new world. This will mean encouraging democracy, stopping the spread of weapons of mass destruction, working to shore up the international financial system, engaging Beijing, and standing up to Baghdad and Belgrade. But America needs resources to lead, and Congress has foreign policy living hand-to-mouth. America cannot afford to abdicate its world role.
What should the United States do about Iraq? Hawks are wrong to think the problem is desperately urgent or connected to terrorism, but right to see the prospect of a nuclear-armed Saddam Hussein as so worrisome that it requires drastic action. Doves are right about Iraq's not being a good candidate for an Afghan-style war, but wrong to think that inspections and deterrence alone can contain Saddam. The United States has no choice left but to invade Iraq itself and eliminate the current regime.
As Cold War threats have diminished, so-called weapons of mass destruction -- nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and ballistic missiles -- have become the new international bugbears. The irony is that the harm caused by these weapons pales in comparison to the havoc wreaked by a much more popular tool: economic sanctions. Tally up the casualties caused by rogue states, terrorists, and unconventional weapons, and the number is surprisingly small. The same cannot be said for deaths inflicted by international sanctions. The math is sobering and should lead the United States to reconsider its current policy of strangling Iraq.
