The Little Ice Age: The Prelude to Global Warming, 1300-1850
Current research on global climate change, drawn from tree rings and Greenland ice cores, provides much detailed information on weather and climate history. This new information can be correlated with historical accounts of major weather events and their influence on human conditions. This book exploits the new knowledge and provides an engaging history of western Europe, from the medieval warm period (900-1300) through the "little ice age" (1300-1850), when Europe became colder, wetter, and stormier. For people living near subsistence levels, as most Europeans did before 1800, abrupt changes in weather can mean the difference between prosperity and pauperhood -- or even between life and death -- especially if these changes last more than one season. A fascinating account of events both obscure and well known, including the French Revolution and the Irish potato famine, as seen through the lens of weather and its effect on harvests.
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Amid all the fuss over genetically modified food, environmentalists and consumer activists have overlooked a vital challenge for the developing world: food security. As the South's population grows, it will need more food, a more varied and nutritious diet, and better access to the North's markets. Rich countries must do their part by slashing trade barriers to developing countries' goods -- especially in agriculture -- and spreading the biotechnology revolution to the poorest farmers who need it most. But the debacle in Seattle showed how difficult this quest will be.
A new transatlantic dispute is rising over the horizon with the EU's development of an independent satellite navigation system (called Galileo) that will challenge America's GPS. The United States should not try to block it but should rise to the occasion by reforming and enhancing its own system's capabilities.
New technologies often provoke strong resistance -- even when, as with genetically modified crops, their benefits vastly outweigh their potential harms. The fact is that transgenic food has no proven downside. Nevertheless, scare-mongering consumer groups in Europe have led a global backlash against this new technology. The battle has thus far pitted rich American farmers against rich European consumers. But the real losers are the poor farmers and underfed citizens of the tropics, who desperately need all the help that gene science can deliver.

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