Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe, Volume I: Institutional Engineering; Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe, Volume II: International and Transnational Factors
These two volumes are part of a massive project attempting to judge the fit between theories of democracy and the democratic experience in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The first book focuses on theories of constitutionalism, measuring them against the outcomes of constitution-building efforts in 13 states. The second considers the impact of international factors on the transitions within these societies, from international institutions to transnational organized crime. The volumes' quality is uneven; several of the theoretical chapters are lucid and productive, others are not. But together they deliver an immense quantity of information in a form that allows for genuine comparison. Best of all, European scholars from the region have a chance to provide their views, which serve as a complement to North American scholarship.
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Early on August 22, 1939, the world was startled to learn from an announcement in the Soviet press that German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop would arrive in Moscow on the following day to sign a nonaggression pact. Equipped with instructions from Adolf Hitler authorizing him to sign both a treaty and a secret protocol that would enter into force as soon as signed by the two countries (rather than when ratified later), Ribbentrop left for Moscow that evening. At the airport, the German delegation was met by deputy commissar for foreign affairs, Vladimir P. Potemkin, who earlier that year had declined an invitation to meet with British Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax.
