Integrating China into the Global Economy
In this new addition to the ongoing debate over the future of China's economy, Lardy sees much that is positive. He begins by proving he is no Pollyanna about China's prospects, noting Occidental Petroleum's disastrous joint venture in the 1980s. (The firm had to write off a $250 million loss after a failed attempt to develop China's biggest-ever coal mine.) Yet he quickly makes clear that this book is no string of anecdotes but a disciplined study that focuses singularly on China's accession to the World Trade Organization. Lardy reviews Beijing's early economic reforms to show how they prepared the stage for making accession possible, then examines the problems the country will be facing upon joining the WTO. Although Lardy explores all the likely scenarios for China and the WTO, he is generally optimistic that China will effectively integrate itself into the world economy.
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Nixon was not the only one who went to China; Ronald McDonald is there now, too. McDonald's triumphed -- in a cultural zone where many adults think fried beef patties taste bizarre -- by catering to China's pampered only children, the so-called little emperors and empresses. The "Golden Arches" have become part of the landscape of Beijing and Hong Kong. But is McDonald's trampling local culture in the name of a bland, homogeneous world order? Not really. Global capitalism pushes one way, and local consumers push right back. Herewith, a parable of globalization.
How important international trade is for the less developed nations is indicated by the fact that it frequently accounts for 20 percent or more of their total economy as against 8 percent for the economy of the United States. Indeed, trade is much more important to them than aid. Total exports of the less developed areas amounted to $31 billion in 1960, while the total flow of financial assistance from the industrial nations (including private foreign investment) amounted to $8 billion.
With China's economic clout growing rapidly, Americans are accusing Beijing of every offense from currency manipulation to crooked trade policies. None of these charges has much merit, but they have increased the probability of a U.S.-Chinese trade war that would do considerable damage to both sides.

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