India Briefing: Quickening the Pace of Change
From independence to the 1990s, India was under the rule of the Congress Party, forged by the tradition of the Nehru dynasty. Then, as decentralization led to fragmentation, India went through nine governments in ten years. Today Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee presides over the National Democratic Alliance, a 25-party coalition. This lucid volume explores the diverse complexities of this new and dynamic India. Specialists review India's politics, economic transformation, social organization, health care, and literature. One common theme is that, just as the Congress Party was never as homogeneous as it appeared, the NDA is not as fissionable as its diverse parts would suggest. All the same, Vajpayee has to tread carefully as he expands India's economic reforms, reduces state intervention, and opens the country to foreign investment. Authors also point out the key role played by the overseas Indians, who provide skills and contacts for advancing the information technology revolution in Bangalore. In turn, the emergence of an Indian middle class has profoundly affected social relations as well as economic development. An easy to use, up-to-date reference volume on most aspects of Indian life.
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THE fall in India's stock with her friends abroad is matched by the doubts that assail her own people. To misgivings about economic prospects have now been added a deep disquiet about the political future. The marked increase in tensions within Indian society, accelerated by intensified competition between the political parties since the general election in February 1967, raises fears that the consensus which has so far sustained the Indian experiment in democracy may break down. These fears, now at the center of the political debate within the country, testify to a crisis of confidence which is far more debilitating than the actual difficulties faced by India as a result of the loss of economic momentum and political coherence. But, paradoxically, the crisis is also a sign of hope. India has reasonably well- evolved political institutions and a fair leavening of educated public opinion, and these give her a sporting chance of pulling through. The practical solutions are still difficult to perceive, but the fact that all political elements are searching for them is itself reassuring.
Sunil Khilnani rightly praises Nehru's idea of modern India. But his stylish book glosses over the flaws in that vision.
India's elections aroused fears about its political viability but elicited yawns about its economic health. The reality of India's prospects is just the opposite. Conventional wisdom aside, the main threat India faces is economic. Slower growth and a stalled program of economic reforms could endanger India's stability. Its politics, by contrast, exhibit an admirable ability to bring extremists, including the Hindu nationalists of the newly preeminent Bharatiya Janata Party, closer to the center. India's democracy is the glue that keeps the country together; its economy, if not reformed, could cause dangerous strains.

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