Making War, Thinking History: Munich, Vietnam, and Presidential Uses of Force from Korea to Kosovo
This book is a worthy sequel to Ernest May's and Richard Neustadt's work on the uses of history in policymaking. A scholar with experience in government as well as in the academic world, Record is not overly kind to U.S. political leaders from Vietnam to the present. Indeed, one is struck by just how shallow an understanding of the recent past most of them had. But his central point -- that wars must be understood on their own terms, even though a broad knowledge of history is vital to the creation of policy judgments -- is eminently sensible and clearly put.
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Donald Rumsfeld has gotten better press as a secretary of war than he did as a secretary of defense. But the latter job is tougher, so he deserves some sympathy. The dilemmas of U.S. defense policy today reflect more than individual foibles and the difficulty of transforming a giant, often dysfunctional bureaucracy. Even more important, they stem from America's profoundly ambivalent and only semiconscious acceptance of its unique, world-historical role. Whatever the pace at which the Pentagon adapts to that fact, it must do so, and the more swiftly the better.
One does not rise through the bureaucracy as spectacularly as Colin Powell has without shrewd insight into of the game of government. But to understand Powell's views on issues ranging from the use of force to civilian control of the military, one has to return to his foot-soldier origins.
Despite a vast budget that dwarfs the military spending power of both friends and foes, the U.S. military today remains stuck in the past. American strategy still relies on a Cold War-era view of the world, and U.S. technology is ill-suited to current missions. Meanwhile, demoralization is creeping through the ranks. The next president must seize the opportunity to remake the military by forcing it to focus on the missions of the future rather than those of the past. The alternative -- more of the same -- is too dangerous to consider.
