Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: International Perspectives
This book explores how American unilateralism is perceived abroad and the likely consequences for international order. Focusing on the policies pursued by the Clinton and current Bush administrations, these foreign observers see an unwelcome trend toward a go-it-alone approach. Chapters focus on the full diversity of policy areas: treaties and international law, alliance cooperation, economics and development, and regional partnerships. In each instance, America's ambivalence toward multilateral commitment is on display. For example, German legal scholar Nico Krisch sees a growing cleavage between the American role in making international law and the United States' willingness to abide by it. The book also makes the important point that unilateralism did not begin with the Bush administration. Most of the authors criticize American unilateralism as short-sighted and argue that a systematic turn to unilateralism will have grave consequences for international order and the long-term American position.
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The Cold War culture of military restraint has given way to increasing atrocities. By remaining a passive witness in the former Yugoslavia, Central Asia, and Chechnya, the United States damages its moral economy. Yet none of these conflicts sufficiently threatens U.S. interests to rouse the nation to arms. The United States should therefore return to the calculating siege craft common before Napoleon, which stressed minimal casualties, partial results, and patience. Every war need not be a heroic national crusade.
The Clinton administration erred grievously in threatening intervention in the northern Balkans (Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia) and then quailing when it was needed. But in the southern Balkans (Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Turkey), U.S. diplomacy has been successful, particularly compared with the clownish efforts of European nations. Capable U.S. envoys have worked hard to reverse the growing polarization of Greece and Turkey. Moreover, U.S. support has helped reinforce the fragile geographic firewall, Macedonia, thus preventing a wider regional war.
U.S. isolationism has risen yet again from the grave. The new Republican Congress threatens Wilson's and F.D.R.'s magnificent dream of collective security.
