Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security
To say this is an encyclopedia of Islam in Russia would be to slight the book's rich analysis. But to avoid that description would be to understate how thoroughly Hunter and her colleagues cover every aspect of the subject: from a serviceable history of the last 500 years, to the organizational detail of the Muslim communities and their overarching councils, to the sociology of Russia's Muslim population and its relationship with Russian Orthodoxy, to Islam's political place within Russia, and finally to the role that it plays in Russian foreign policy. They argue that Islam has been and remains far more central in defining Russian identity and a more distinct influence on Russian foreign policy than is normally recognized. Already the second-largest religious-ethnic grouping in Russia-and one that is growing rapidly relative to Russia's shrinking population-Russia's Muslims, they contend, will have much to say about how the country's current historic passage turns out.
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The electoral triumph of opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko and the victory of the Ukrainian people over their country's corrupt leadership represent a new landmark in the postcommunist history of eastern Europe, a seismic shift Westward in the geopolitics of the region. But what will come next for the new president--and the rest of the former Soviet Union?
Russia's post-Soviet orientation is in serious trouble. The West does not want to see any structure in Eurasia that permits Russian hegemony, but abetting continued chaos in the former Soviet space is hardly in the West's interest. Central Asia and the Caucasus are rife with flash points that could ignite and draw in outside powers, and the presence of nuclear weapons raises the stakes even higher. The United States should support integration, not division. For its part, Russia should work with nearby countries to help unite diverse peoples in a stabler system.
There is a dark side of freedom in the USSR, and 'glasnost' has released the expression of sentiments, notably anti-Semitism, that communism claimed to have eradicated. Emigration to Israel is a safety-valve, but perhaps intensifies the risk to Jews who remain.
