Putin: Russia's Choice
Yet another political biography of Vladimir Putin, which raises the question, Why so many of him and not of the country? In fact, Sakwa comes close to writing the latter. After asking, "Who is Putin?" (answer: a functional contradiction, both a liberal and an authoritarian, in search of an equilibrium that will lead to progress and order), he lays out Putin's agenda: reform, but through the "politics of normality." From there he goes on to explore how Putin and his entourage consolidated power and then how they reworked the state-society relationship, altered the political system, rebalanced ties between the center and regions, set about "reforming the nation," advanced capitalism, and adjusted Russia's place in the world. Sakwa is sympathetic to Putin, trusts his motivations, and sees him as suited to Russia's current needs, but he is not sure that the balancing act can be maintained-or that it will lead to something durable, progressive, and genuinely democratic.
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With facts and a touch of fiction, Mikhail Gorbachev recounts the breakup of the Soviet Union and warns the West not to mangle the post-Cold War world.
Will Russia be run by democrats or oligarchs? The signs are worrying. The West would rather not dwell on the extent to which Russia's market is dominated by robber barons and permeated by crime and corruption. Russia's democracy is weak, with unfair election campaigns, a compromised media, and few checks on the presidency. The West cannot afford to let Russia descend into chaos, which might mean losing control of Russia's arsenal of weapons of mass destruction, but its two-faced NATO expansion policy hurts the democrats' chances.
Russia's interests demand good relations with everyone, but older, darker forces tempt it to avenge its fall from superpowerdom. Westernizing democrats govern for now, but ex-communist elites and embittered generals scheme to re invigorate the military and reassert control over the borderlands. Their machinations are creating a fault line across the oil-rich Caucasus and Central Asia. For Russia to neglect its reconstruction to pursue the illusion of power would be a monumental mistake. While the expansion of NATO is misconceived, the West must not encourage Russian hard-liners with unmerited concessions.

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