China's Deep Reform: Domestic Politics in Transition
This impressive anthology presents a selection of articles on China's post-Mao reforms, which together offer a detailed analysis of their political and economic effects both in China and abroad. Elite politics became more open and aboveboard, while the economy was opened up to foreign investment and trade (although there has been relatively little progress on implementing the rule of law). The authors here, anxious to stress the latest developments, somewhat overemphasize positive and underreport negative ones. Yet there is no denying that they are broadly correct in speaking of China's "deep reforms" -- reforms that have altered the basic structures of institutions and fundamental cultural norms. Certainly, post-reform China is a much happier place to live and work than Mao's China ever was.
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There is no major political system today about which we have less data and fewer meaningful facts than that of Communist China. Yet decisions which will shape our diplomacy, and more concretely our military establishment, for years ahead must be made in the light of what we now surmise to be the Chinese people's character and dynamics. Inescapably we fall back upon abstractions and gross generalizations.
This year India celebrates the twenty-fifth anniversary of her independence. These have been years of change and turmoil everywhere. Deep surging forces have torn asunder our past colonial feudal structures and have combined with the tides sweeping the world to give our post- independence evolution its unique qualities. But our own unvarying concerns have been two: to safeguard our independence and to overcome the blight of poverty.
The great hurrahs of the Cultural Revolution, the slogans, the messianic fervor, the public humiliation of the heretics are all gone. A visitor to Peking is impressed by nothing so much as by the return to normalcy, by pragmatism and-if one could imagine it in a Spartan land-a feeling of relaxation. Indeed, one might easily think that there had never been the awesome upheaval of 1966-69 "to change men's souls." Human frailty is once again understood, and there is at least an implied recognition that man does not live by faith alone.

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